GRAMMAR AWARENESS
An exercise which you should waltz through if your grammar is at a beginning Diploma standard.

SECTION A
From the sentence in blue below, select an example of each grammatical item requested. You may use the same word more than once if you think appropriate:
Materials are delivered to the factory by a supplier, who usually has no technical knowledge, but who happens to have the right contacts.

1. verb
2. noun
3. countable noun
4. passive verb
5. adjective
6. adverb
7. definite article
8. indefinite article
9. preposition
10. relative pronoun
11. auxiliary verb
12. past participle
13. conjunction
14. finite verb
15. infinitive
16. dependent clause
17. independent clause

SECTION B
Consider the sentences/phrases below, and try to explain the various points of grammar and usage which often cause confusion for language students.

1. Look at the following sentences and state whether they contain a gerund or a participle. Underline the appropriate word.
a. I hurt my wrist playing tennis last week.
b. It's a worrying notion.
c. Knowing how to drive is essential these days.
d. He admitted stealing the money.
e. He's transferring his money to Swiss bank accounts.

2. Consider the following phrases. Illustrate and explain two meanings for each.
a. make up
b. come across
c. drop off
d. put down
e. hold up.
f. get through
What do we call these particular phrases?

3. Look at the following sentences:
a. The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.
b. The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.
Explain the difference the commas make and underline any relative clauses.

4. Illustrate the difference between:
a. You must go.
b. You have to go.

5. Is there a difference in the following questions?
a. Would you like some tea?
b. Would you like any tea?

6. Look at the following sentences. Using an oblique (\), separate them into clauses and underline the independent clause.
a. Carmine has a selection of compact discs which he rarely listens to.
b. The weather was perfect for a drive into the mountains and a picnic.
c. Jonathan didn't really want the responsibility but his friends persuaded him to run for office.
d. Elita didn't feel like staying out late, so she returned early.
e. Having considered the cost of repairs, Stefan and Maria decided to buy a new television.

7. Explain the difference between "make" and "do" in the following sentences for example.
a. I have made my bed.
b. I have done the washing up.

8. Illustrate and explain the difference in the use of "lend" and "borrow".

9. Explain when we would use:
a. I have seen him this morning.
b. I saw him this morning.

10. Illustrate and explain the difference in the use of:
a. still
b. yet
c. already

11. What is inferred by the following statements?
a. I'm going to buy a new car.
b. I'll buy a new car.

12. Why is the past tense used in these present situations?
a. Did you want me?
b. Were you wanting me?

13. Illustrate and explain the difference in the use of "say" and "tell".

14. Explain and illustrate the meaning of "metaphor " and "simile".